An assessment of the impact of regional integration on Nigeria’s trade policies: Evidence from ECOWAS (2000–2020).
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Background of the Study :
Regional integration has become a pivotal strategy for enhancing economic growth and stability among neighboring countries. In West Africa, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has spearheaded initiatives aimed at harmonizing trade policies and reducing barriers among member nations. Nigeria, as a regional powerhouse, has been significantly influenced by these integration efforts. Since 2000, Nigeria’s trade policies have undergone reforms to align with ECOWAS protocols, including tariff harmonization, improved cross-border infrastructure, and mutual trade agreements (Afolabi, 2023). These reforms are intended to facilitate intra-regional trade, boost economic cooperation, and stimulate export growth. While such integration has the potential to create a more competitive market, challenges persist due to disparities in policy implementation, infrastructural limitations, and nationalistic tendencies that sometimes impede seamless cooperation (Chukwu, 2024). This study investigates the extent to which regional integration through ECOWAS has reshaped Nigeria’s trade policies and its implications for export and import performance. Through the analysis of policy documents, trade data, and interviews with trade experts, the study offers a comprehensive evaluation of the successes and challenges of regional integration (Balogun, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite Nigeria’s active participation in ECOWAS, the anticipated benefits of regional integration have not been fully realized in its trade policies. Divergent economic interests, inconsistent policy implementation, and infrastructural inadequacies have limited the effectiveness of harmonized trade measures. This disconnect has resulted in suboptimal trade performance and uneven economic gains among member states. The study aims to identify the specific factors that hinder the full potential of regional integration and to evaluate how these challenges affect Nigeria’s trade policy outcomes. Addressing these issues is essential for refining regional cooperation and maximizing the economic benefits of integration (Afolabi, 2023; Chukwu, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
To evaluate the influence of ECOWAS integration on Nigeria’s trade policies.
To identify challenges in the implementation of regional trade agreements.
To propose strategies for optimizing the benefits of regional integration.
Research Questions:
How has ECOWAS integration influenced Nigeria’s trade policies?
What challenges impede the effective implementation of regional trade measures?
What strategies can enhance the benefits of regional integration?
Research Hypotheses:
H1: Regional integration through ECOWAS has a positive impact on Nigeria’s trade policies.
H2: Implementation challenges significantly limit the effectiveness of these policies.
H3: Strategic reforms can enhance the benefits of regional integration.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it critically assesses the impact of regional integration on Nigeria’s trade policies through the lens of ECOWAS initiatives. By identifying the challenges and opportunities associated with policy harmonization, the research provides valuable insights for policymakers and trade stakeholders. The findings will help refine strategies that can bolster intra-regional trade and contribute to economic growth. Ultimately, the study supports the development of more coherent and effective trade policies that leverage the benefits of regional integration (Balogun, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to the topic only.
Definitions of Terms:
– Regional Integration: The process of coordinating policies among neighboring countries to foster economic cooperation.
– Trade Policies: Government measures that regulate international trade.
– ECOWAS: Economic Community of West African States, a regional organization promoting economic integration.
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